Machine Learning

Classification & Evaluation

Lesson 4 · Machine Learning

Classification & Evaluation

8 min

You'll be able to

  • Explain a classification decision boundary
  • Interpret accuracy and why it can mislead
  • Understand overfitting vs underfitting

Classification separates inputs into categories with a decision boundary — a learned surface in feature space. A spam classifier might learn: if a message contains many suspicious patterns, label it spam.

Accuracy alone can mislead. If 95% of emails are not spam, a model that always says 'not spam' is 95% accurate but useless. That is why we use precision, recall, and confusion matrices.

A model that memorises training data instead of learning patterns overfits — it fails on new data. One that is too simple underfits. Managing this tension is core to machine learning.

Challenge

Spot the failure

Describe one scenario where 98% accuracy on training data would still make you suspicious of a deployed model.

Knowledge Check

Classification

0/2 answered

Why can high accuracy on an imbalanced dataset be misleading?

Overfitting means a model memorises the training data and performs poorly on new data.

Answer all questions to submit.

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